- A Brief History of Witch Hazel
- What Is Witch Hazel, Technically?
- How Witch Hazel Works on the Skin
- Best Witch Hazel Products to Try
- Clinical Studies and Evidence
- Witch Hazel in Modern Skincare: Uses and Applications
- Is Witch Hazel Safe for All Skin Types?
- Fun and Lesser-Known Facts
- Conclusion: Who Is Witch Hazel Best Suited For?
Witch hazel, a seemingly humble shrub, has woven its way from traditional folk medicine to modern skincare shelves worldwide. Known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and astringent properties, this natural ingredient is often found in toners, creams, and acne treatments. But what makes witch hazel so effective—and is it really safe for everyone?
Let’s explore the science, history, and skincare magic behind Hamamelis virginiana, commonly known as witch hazel.
Note: We order, test and try various beauty products for hair, nails and skincare, to give you the best reviews that we can. Our articles contain our affiliate links – meaning we get a small comission per each sale at no cost for the buyer, which helps us cover the costs of running the site.
A Brief History of Witch Hazel
Witch hazel has long been a staple in Native American medicine. Tribes used decoctions from its bark and leaves to treat swelling, wounds, and even tumors. The name “witch” hazel has nothing to do with witches—it comes from the Old English word wice, meaning “pliant” or “bendable,” referring to the flexible branches of the shrub.
By the 1800s, witch hazel was commercially distilled and sold as a medicinal extract, and it gained official recognition in the U.S. Pharmacopeia as early as 1882.
What Is Witch Hazel, Technically?
Witch hazel extract is derived from the leaves and bark of the Hamamelis virginiana shrub. It’s most commonly processed through steam distillation—sometimes with alcohol added as a preservative—resulting in a clear, aromatic liquid.
The extract contains a complex blend of bioactive compounds, including:
- Tannins: Natural astringents that tighten skin and shrink pores.
- Flavonoids: Such as quercetin and kaempferol, which exhibit antioxidant properties.
- Proanthocyanidins: Offer anti-inflammatory benefits.
- Volatile oils: Including eugenol and carvacrol, which contribute antimicrobial properties.
- Gallic acid: A polyphenol with potent antioxidant and antimicrobial effects.
How Witch Hazel Works on the Skin
Witch hazel’s wide range of skincare benefits is due to its unique blend of phytochemicals. Here’s a breakdown of how it works:
1. Astringent Action
Tannins in witch hazel cause skin proteins to contract, tightening the skin and reducing pore size. This helps manage oiliness and gives skin a smoother appearance.
2. Anti-inflammatory Effects
Witch hazel’s proanthocyanidins and flavonoids inhibit enzymes like cyclooxygenase (COX) and reduce the production of inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins.
3. Antioxidant Defense
Compounds such as gallic acid neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), preventing oxidative stress that leads to premature aging.
4. Antimicrobial Properties
Witch hazel’s volatile oils and tannins have been shown to suppress Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes—common acne-causing bacteria.
5. Skin Barrier Support
Contrary to popular belief, witch hazel—when alcohol-free—may help reinforce the skin’s barrier function due to its soothing and protective polyphenols.
Best Witch Hazel Products to Try
Here are a few dermatologist-recommended, well-reviewed options:
- Thayers Alcohol-Free Witch Hazel Toner (with aloe vera) – Hydrating and gentle.
- Dickinson’s Enhanced Witch Hazel Alcohol Free Hydrating Toner – Alcohol-free and enriched with hyaluronic acid.
- Humphreys Clarifying Toner – Uses certified organic witch hazel and is ideal for acne-prone skin.
Clinical Studies and Evidence
Witch hazel’s effects aren’t just anecdotal; science backs its efficacy:
- Anti-inflammatory study: A 1993 study published in European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology found that topical witch hazel significantly reduced erythema (redness) caused by sodium lauryl sulfate irritation. (Draelos et al., 1993)
- Skin irritation reduction: A 2001 study in Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology reported that witch hazel creams were effective in reducing minor skin injuries and inflammation compared to placebo. (Korting et al., 2001)
- Antioxidant test: Researchers at the University of Freiburg found that witch hazel extracts exhibited significant ROS-scavenging activity, attributing this to its tannin and flavonoid content.
While witch hazel isn’t classified as a pharmaceutical treatment, its bioactive profile offers a compelling case for use in cosmetic and dermatological contexts.
Witch Hazel in Modern Skincare: Uses and Applications
Today, witch hazel is used in a variety of skincare formats:
- Toners: Helps to tighten pores, reduce oiliness, and freshen the skin. Alcohol-free formulas are gentler for sensitive skin types.
- Acne Treatments: Due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, witch hazel is commonly found in spot treatments.
- Aftershave and Post-Waxing: It soothes skin and reduces razor burn or irritation.
- Under-Eye Puffiness: Some formulations may help tighten skin and reduce the appearance of bags, though caution is advised near the eyes.
- Eczema and Dermatitis: Alcohol-free witch hazel can calm irritation and redness when used in moderation.
Is Witch Hazel Safe for All Skin Types?
Pros:
- Suitable for oily and acne-prone skin.
- Natural alternative to synthetic astringents.
- Reduces redness and inflammation.
Cons:
- Alcohol content: Many commercial witch hazel products contain 14–15% ethanol, which can dry out and irritate sensitive or dry skin.
- Overuse risk: Excessive use may compromise the skin barrier and lead to increased sensitivity.
Pro Tip: Look for alcohol-free witch hazel (like Thayers or Dickinson’s Hydrating Toner lines) if you have dry or sensitive skin.
Fun and Lesser-Known Facts
- Witching rods: Witch hazel branches were once used as divining rods to locate underground water.
- Natural preservative: Witch hazel’s antimicrobial properties allow it to act as a natural preservative in cosmetic formulations.
- NASA-approved: Witch hazel pads were part of astronaut hygiene kits aboard early space shuttle missions.
Conclusion: Who Is Witch Hazel Best Suited For?
If you’re looking for a natural skincare multitasker with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and oil-controlling powers, witch hazel is a time-tested choice backed by both tradition and science.
However, formulation matters. Choose alcohol-free options, and always patch test first—especially if you have sensitive or reactive skin.
